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Peer-reviewed, open-access multidisciplinary science journal published by the AAAS, covering research across natural and social sciences.
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Physicists at Kyoto and Hiroshima universities built an optical circuit that identifies three-photon W states in one shot, with an averaged fidelity of 0.871. That clears the two-thirds benchmark comfortably, though only three photons have been tested so far.
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Researchers led by Frank Postberg found sharply different salt mixtures across 961 Cassini spectra of salty Enceladus grains. Tokyo freezing experiments suggest each grain is a shard of a slowly frozen droplet, so the ocean's makeup shows in how often each salt appears.
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King's College London researchers say urolithin A, a gut-bacteria product of pomegranates, improved heart function in mice by up to 80 percent. It points to a new route for treating a common, hard-to-treat heart failure, though so far only in animals and lab-grown tissue.
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Oxford-led researchers say the 590-million-year-old Weng'an Biota wrongly caps animal origins, pushing a clock estimate back about 200 million years. The resulting 800-to-700-million-year range depends on which older deposits replace Weng'an as the ceiling.
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Karolinska researchers screened 211 human G protein-coupled receptors and found about two dozen new partners for p11, a protein linked to depression. That makes it a candidate control point for receptors behind a third of approved drugs, though any use in pain or depression remains untested.
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Agustín Ibáñez and colleagues built an AI speech clock from 2,928 Spanish speakers that rates people with cognitive impairment as older than their age. Its evidence so far compares diagnosed patients with healthy volunteers, so its promise as a cheap dementia screen depends on tests that have not been run yet.
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Simiao Niu's team built a battery-free shoe that runs AI on footstep power, sorting four activities with 95.4 percent accuracy. Charge-free gait monitoring for conditions like Parkinson's is the goal, though so far the shoe only labels activity, counts steps and estimates calories.
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Lonnie Thompson's team estimates Tibet's Guliya ice cap holds a climate record reaching back well over 128,000 years, into the last ice age. Thompson says that makes it the only mountaintop ice core outside the polar regions to reach that far.
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Researchers mining a 400-adult Chinese immune atlas found more active cytotoxic T and natural killer cells in regular exercisers than in sedentary adults. It hands chronic-disease research specific cells to study, though the data cannot show exercise caused the gap.
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Kyoto and Hiroshima University physicists built an optical circuit that identifies three-photon W states in a single measurement. If it scales, labs checking larger entangled states could skip tomography, whose data needs grow exponentially with photon number.
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Berkeley and Padua researchers dated eight Vesuvius sanidine samples to 1,938 years, give or take 13, against the 1,946 years that Pliny's account implies. The same historical date helped make potassium-40's half-life, the constant under every argon-argon age, twice as precise.
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Researchers led by the Australian National University used a laser to twist liquid crystals around a silicon metasurface and retune it without electrodes. The Science Advances result points to optical parts that light can reset after manufacture.
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University of Oregon researchers estimate Eugene's CAHOOTS teams directly took 18% of the calls that would otherwise have gone to police. Their three diversion measures give cities one shared definition, though each measure divides by a different pool of calls.
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Pablo Santos-Sanz's team used the James Webb Space Telescope to find Chariklo's inner ring 42% more opaque and its outer ring barely visible. Occultations are rare, so for now the team can show that the rings changed but not why, or how long they will last.
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Anna Mittelholz of ETH Zurich and colleagues say a 60-km volcanic body under the Moon's Dewar swirl cooled in a field of at least 11.4 microteslas. They credit a core dynamo like Earth's, since the site's location makes an impact origin unlikely.
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Physicists at two Seoul universities map one atom's interaction with light as a semi-infinite graph and place weak through deep-strong coupling on one scale. The work is theory, and its use for devices depends on whether the index tracks something a lab can measure.
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Stockholm University researchers analyzed DNA from 142 medieval Swedes and found close relatives were uncommon among people sharing a grave. The Science Advances study turns the parent-and-child reading of a shared grave into a hypothesis that needs testing.
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XRISM spectra show wind plasma from the hypergiant Wray 977 falling onto the pulsar GX 301-2 during an X-ray flare, a first for any compact object. The spectra back a cause astronomers had long inferred from orbital timing, though so far they cover a single observing window.
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JWST found water-altered clay minerals on two of Neptune's small inner moons and its rings, with no water ice. The likely source is the shattered interior of a much larger lost moon.
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A Science Advances paper says five ordinary human-associated microbes could stay alive in shadowed south-pole terrain. The expensive consequence is the baseline contamination survey it implies.
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