Frontier models stall in the mid-70s on the triage work Thinking Machines wants to automate
Thinking Machines' own figures show that better prompts carried the models it tested from a coin flip to the mid-70s and then quit, leaving the last five points to an 80% trust bar to be bought with annotation time from the analysts being freed.
The Investor · Invest desk

What happened
- Thinking Machines Lab tested variants of Gemini, Claude and GPT on six information-filtering tasks taken from investors' daily workflows, where a plain prompt listing the tasks averaged about 50% accuracy.
- Instructions written by the lab's own experts, plus splitting article relevance into relevant and interesting, relevant but uninteresting, and irrelevant, lifted the tested models into the mid-70s.
- Even with the best prompts the tested models stayed under 80% accuracy, the level the lab says its investors require before they would trust a system inside their daily workflow.
- By the lab's account GPT 5.4 costs 43% more than 5.2 while being only marginally more accurate on this class of work.
Why it matters
- constraint The residual points cannot be written into an instruction, so buying them routes analyst hours into labelling documents, which is exactly the attention the triage tool is sold to give back.
- cost Anyone renting frontier tokens for relevance work is paying for capability that is not arriving on this task, so each upgrade cycle raises the unit cost of a correct label rather than lowering it.
- contradiction The benchmark and the product come from the same party, and the winning model's own score is absent, so the 80% bar is a vendor's bar until someone outside the lab measures against it.
- precedent If taste has to be purchased desk by desk, the sellable asset becomes each client's annotation corpus, which pushes a model lab toward per-customer engagements and away from anything sold at list price.
Reading was never the constraint the lab set out to remove. The post is explicit that the work sits in the small repeated judgments carried over the reading, and that those are the judgments investors get stuck articulating even though the tasks themselves are trivial to them [12][16]. The examples carry the weight: an article touching Greenland reads as noise given its context while one on China tariffs reads as signal, and both are geopolitics bolted to finance [15]. Interestingness is defined against a particular seat, the macroeconomic investor who does not care about a small IPO however financially relevant it plainly is [14]. A prompt can only carry the part of that an expert can spell out, which is the stated reason for going to fine-tuning instead [11].
Five points sounds like polish until you count it in documents: mid-70s accuracy leaves roughly one document in four labelled wrong, 80% leaves one in five, so the stretch that no amount of prompt work could cross is a fifth of the surviving errors [19]. The price of that fifth is annotation by high-quality human hands [22], and the hands belong to the same investors whose attention the system exists to free. The post does not say how many labelled documents it took, nor how many analyst hours, and it reports on a subset of data cleared for public release [10]. Hours in against hours out is the ratio a buyer would want before signing anything.
The cost line is where I would push hardest. GPT 5.4 priced 43% above 5.2 for a marginal accuracy gain [9] means that if a single point moves, 75 to 76, the cost per correctly labelled document rises about 41% [18], and the lab's own reading is that newer models are not improving quickly at this task, per dollar least of all [20].
This is probably wrong, but the more interesting version of the mid-70s plateau is that it describes the labels rather than the models. Automatic prompt optimisation added nothing on top of the expert-written instructions [7], which is what you would expect if the residual disagreement is inside the label set. No inter-annotator agreement figure appears, and no absolute accuracy number or price for the proprietary model either, only that it beat everything tested on information accuracy and recall at a fraction of the cost [23][21]. If two macro investors split on "relevant but uninteresting" one time in six, then 80% is a description of a committee and a fine-tune that clears it has learned one desk's habits.
Which may be the commercial point. Differentiated intelligence, models tuned to specific organisational needs [13], puts the asset in a client's labelled corpus rather than in the weights, and it means research time is going into a narrow relevance classifier fitted to one firm's taste instead of a horizontal product sold off a menu. Two readings would break that. A frontier release that clears 80 on these six tasks [2] from a plain prompt makes the corpus worth close to nothing, and a per-firm labelling cost small enough to disclose turns it into a cheap onboarding step rather than a moat. Until one of those numbers is published, the demonstrated finding is that judgment is still cheaper to rent than to specify.
What to watch
- Publication of the fine-tuned model's absolute accuracy and per-document cost, neither of which appears in the cleared-subset writeup.
- A frontier model release that clears 80% on these six filtering tasks from a plain prompt, which would strip the annotation corpus of its value.
- Any disclosure of how many labelled documents, and how many analyst hours, a per-firm tune actually requires.
Clarity's read
What the record supports and how the coverage leans. The claims behind it follow.
Reality
- Evidence34
- Adoption18
- Hype gap+38
- Incentives78
- Confidence46
Claim ledger
Ranked by verification strength, evidence, and original report placement.
- [1]
Thinking Machines Lab published a post titled "Learning to Replicate Expert Judgment in Financial Tasks", describing an attempt to automate the information triage task of identifying what is relevant and interesting for investors to read.
- [2]
The lab evaluated models on six information filtering tasks drawn from investors' daily workflows, and says it has many other internal tasks showing similar patterns.
- [3]
The lab measured accuracy as the percentage of documents correctly labeled according to its investors, and also calculated F1 scores for classification tasks.
- [4]
Variants of Gemini, Claude and GPT averaged roughly 50% accuracy when given a prompt that simply states each of the six tasks to perform.
- [5]
Instructions written by the lab's experts based on real task descriptions, plus reframing of certain tasks, boosted the tested models' accuracy from a coin flip to the mid-70s.
- [6]
Performance on the article classification task improved when models were asked to sort news stories into three labels: relevant and interesting, relevant but uninteresting, and irrelevant.
- [7]
The lab saw no further gains in accuracy from automatic prompt-optimization methods.
- [8]
With the lab's best prompts, the frontier models tested still achieved less than 80% accuracy, which the post calls the threshold investors expect from a system they could trust in their daily workflow.
- [9]
The lab states that GPT 5.4 costs 43% more than 5.2 but is only marginally more accurate.
- [10]
The training process and results are described on a subset of data cleared for public release.
- [11]
The lab argues an explicit prompt can only convey the intuition an expert can put into words, while the judgments that matter most are hardest to articulate, and that fine-tuning lets the model develop its own judgment instead.
- [12]
The post states that reading is the easy part and that the real work is the small, repeated judgments carried over it: filtering, interpreting, segmenting and identifying where the useful signal lies.
- [13]
The lab describes the seeds of a vision of differentiated intelligence, with models tuned for specific organizational needs.
- [14]
The post gives the example that an article about a small IPO is clearly financially relevant but lacks the broad significance that would make it interesting to a macroeconomic investor at Bridgewater.
- [15]
In the lab's classification example, a Greenland item is unlikely to be taken seriously given the context of the article while China tariffs are highly relevant, even though both touch on geopolitics and finance.
- [16]
The post says these tasks are trivial for investors, but that investors get stuck when articulating their decision process.
- [17]
Expert prompting closed about 25 of the roughly 30 accuracy points between the coin-flip baseline and the 80% trust threshold, leaving about 5 points unclosed.
- [18]
A 43% price increase alongside a one-point accuracy gain from 75% to 76% raises the cost per correctly labelled document by about 41%.
- [19]
At mid-70s accuracy roughly one document in four is mislabelled versus one in five at 80%, so clearing the threshold removes about a fifth of the remaining errors.
- [20]
The lab's results suggest newer models are not improving rapidly at this task, especially per dollar spent.
- [21]
The lab says its proprietary model outperforms all frontier models it tested on information accuracy and recall, at a fraction of their cost.
- [22]
The lab says that with high-quality human annotations it can teach LLMs to interpret text with expert-level taste and judgement.
- [23]
The published material attaches no absolute accuracy figure, no price and no inter-annotator agreement number to the lab's claim that its own model beats the frontier models tested.
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Sources
1 independent publisher whose own reporting we read for this story.
- Learning to Replicate Expert Judgment in Financial Tasks - Thinking Machines Lab
thinkingmachines.ai
1 article · August 30, 2026
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