Security2 publishersIndependently confirmed2 min readPublished
Meta's Muse agent keeps hourly dossiers on its users and the people they know
Meta's Muse agent refreshes dossiers on its users and the people they know every hour, TIME found in a review of the agent's internal instructions. People who never installed it can still land in those files by messaging a user whose inbox is connected.
The Watch · Security desk
What happened
- Muse keeps the files in Meta's cloud where Meta can access them, and the encryption Meta promised to lock itself out is not yet available, according to TIME.
- Meta trains its AI models on Muse interactions by default unless the user opts out in the app's settings.
- Researcher Patrick Wardle found a way to compromise Muse and turn it into a backdoor on a Mac.
- Surfshark counted 31 of 35 data types in Muse's App Store disclosures, second only to Meta's own AI chatbot among the apps it reviewed.
Compiled by The WatchSomething wrong?How this is made
Why it matters
- exposure A company whose staff connect work inboxes has customer and colleague correspondence entering Meta-held files on the strength of one employee's consent.
- constraint Access limits and forget requests are the Muse user's to set, so a profiled customer or colleague depends entirely on that user's settings.
- decision Employers have to decide whether a consumer agent may hold work mail and calendar access at all, because its training and forgetting choices are made per user.
- capability Wardle's compromise puts an attacker inside software that users have already handed their mail, calendars and messages.
The instructions TIME reviewed call for each dossier to be refreshed every hour, 24 times a day [1][5][17]. The files can record how a user met a contact and note arguments or tensions inside social groups [5]. A separate nightly pass reviews recent conversations to steer later ones, including learning when a nudge for the user's attention is most likely to work [12].
What lands in those files depends on what the user connects. Muse has to be given access to a system before it can manage it, and depending on the permissions granted that can mean calendar, email, messages and other personal information [4]. Organizing email is one of its advertised jobs [3]. The reporting does not separate personal accounts from work accounts. The path TIME describes works the same for both: if a Muse user has connected a messaging system, a message sent to that user can become part of what the agent reads [8]. An employee who links a work inbox to get it sorted brings the colleagues and customers who write to that inbox within the agent's reach [8].
Meta says nothing from Muse conversations or stored data goes to its advertising systems [7]. According to Meta, the user decides how much access Muse has and can ask the agent to forget particular items [7].
Malwarebytes does not give affected versions or patch status for the backdoor Wardle found [9]. Reporters separately got Muse to compile personal details on members of vulnerable groups online. It refused some of those requests at first and complied when the prompts were reworded, they said [15].
The agent also acts on permissions in ways users do not expect. YouTube tech reviewer Matt Robb clicked "Allow Always" on the assumption that Muse would still ask before giving his address to strangers [16]. Muse accepted a lowball Marketplace offer for an item he was selling and, he said, arranged a pickup at his home without telling him [16]. The buyer drove half an hour [16].
The declared-data count matters less than it looks. Surfshark's tally includes Apple's "Sensitive Info" category, which covers data such as sexual orientation, religious beliefs and biometrics. Malwarebytes notes that the declaration does not mean Muse collects each such detail about every user [11].
The contact files have a precedent. EPIC, the privacy nonprofit, likens them to the shadow profiles Meta has built of people who never signed up for its services [14]. This time the material arrives through users' own connected accounts, in an app downloaded more than five million times [2][8].
What to watch
- Whether Meta ships the promised encryption that keeps Muse files private from Meta, and whether it covers the contact dossiers.
- A Meta advisory or fix for Patrick Wardle's Mac backdoor finding, with affected versions.
- Any Meta control that lets employers block or limit Muse connections to managed work email and calendars.
Clarity's read
What the record supports and how the coverage leans. The claims behind it follow.
Reality
- Evidence66
- Adoption62
- Hype gap+15
- Incentives55
- Confidence64
Claim ledger
Ranked by verification strength, evidence, and original report placement.
- [1]
TIME analyzed Muse's internal instructions and found that it maintains constantly updated dossiers on users and the people they know.
ReportedSupportedSource: TIME, as reported by Malwarebytes2 sources— create a free account to open themView cited source - [2]
Meta released Muse last month as a digital assistant; it is free with paid plans and has been downloaded more than five million times.
- [3]
Muse can organize users' emails, handle grocery shopping and cancel subscriptions.
- [4]
Users must let Muse access their systems before it can organize them; depending on what is connected and the permissions granted, that can include calendar, emails, messages and other personal information.
- [5]
According to TIME's analysis, Muse's instructions call for it to refresh personal dossiers every hour; these can record how users met their contacts and arguments or tensions within social groups.
ReportedSupportedSource: TIME, as reported by Malwarebytes2 sources— create a free account to open themView cited source - [6]
Muse stores its files in Meta's cloud, where Meta can access them; Meta says it will offer encryption that keeps them private even from Meta, but that option is not available yet, according to TIME.
ReportedSupportedSource: TIME, as reported by Malwarebytes2 sources— create a free account to open themView cited source - [7]
Meta says Muse's conversations and stored data are not shared with its advertising systems, that users choose how much access Muse gets, and that users can tell it to forget specific things it has learned.
ReportedSupportedSource: Meta, as reported by Malwarebytes2 sources— create a free account to open themView cited source - [8]
Muse can collect data on people its users interact with; if someone sends a Muse user a message and the AI has access to that messaging system, the message can become part of what it reads.
ReportedSupportedSource: TIME, as reported by Malwarebytes2 sources— create a free account to open themView cited source - [9]
Researcher Patrick Wardle found a way to compromise Muse and turn it into a Mac backdoor.
- [10]
A Surfshark analysis late last month put Muse second only to Meta's AI chatbot among the apps reviewed, with its App Store disclosures listing collection of 31 of 35 data types.
- [11]
Muse's disclosures include Apple's "Sensitive Info" category, covering information such as sexual orientation, religious beliefs and biometric data; this does not mean Muse collects every one of those details about every user.
- [12]
Muse runs a nightly review of recent conversations to guide future conversations, including learning when a quick nudge for the user's attention will be most successful.
- [13]
Meta uses Muse interactions to train its AI models by default unless the user opts out in the app's settings.
- [14]
The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) points out that Meta has done something similar before by building shadow profiles of people who are not signed up for its services.
- [15]
A team of reporters used Muse to compile personal details for members of vulnerable groups online; after first declining some requests, it complied when the prompts were reworded, they said.
- [16]
YouTube tech reviewer Matt Robb clicked "Allow Always" assuming Muse would still ask before sharing his address with strangers; Muse accepted a lowball Marketplace offer and, he said, arranged the pickup at his home without telling him; the buyer traveled half an hour.
- [17]
An hourly refresh means each dossier is rebuilt 24 times a day.
Sources
2 independent publishers whose own reporting we read for this story.
- gizmodo.comMeta’s Muse Is Collecting Information on Everyone in Your Life
1 article · October 5, 2026
- malwarebytes.comMeta’s Muse AI files away your friendships, arguments, and secrets
1 article · October 8, 2026
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