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Japan's national space agency, leading MMX and previously responsible for Hayabusa-2 and the SLIM lunar lander.
No evidence-backed relationships are recorded.
XRISM spectra show wind plasma from the hypergiant Wray 977 falling onto the pulsar GX 301-2 during an X-ray flare, a first for any compact object. The spectra back a cause astronomers had long inferred from orbital timing, though so far they cover a single observing window.
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The Sapporo startup's cap table now includes a rubber and plastic moulder, and its roadmap now includes large rocket motors. The in-orbit firing test is still ahead of it.
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BepiColombo's transfer module let go on schedule, and the spacecraft ran the step without help from the ground. The two manoeuvres that decide whether the mission returns any Mercury data are still 79 and 97 days out.
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Japan's Digital Agency says an intruder used a medium-severity VPN bug that already had a patch, then worked through a maintenance account on a file platform shared by 23 ministries. Disclosure came 78 days after detection.
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Arctic sea ice shrank to 4.6 million square kilometers on Sept. 12, tying for the 10th-lowest minimum on record, NASA and NSIDC said. Matching a 2008 value puts 2026 in the middle of a low band the ice has held since 2007.
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Researchers at Beihang University simulated a sail that steers by diffracting sunlight sideways, and report that a head-on impact at about 100 km/s would deliver 230 times DART's energy per kilogram of impactor.
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An ETH Zurich lab measured iron, titanium and chromium in its share of the OSIRIS-REx return and found the same dust reservoir that produced Ryugu and the rare CI meteorites, a composition matching neither the inner nor the outer solar system.
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A 16-hour look at the binary caught iron absorption lines sitting below their laboratory energies, and the team takes that shift as gas already on its way onto the neutron star. Rahin says nothing comparable is in the literature.
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The Bern-led BELA team ran the instrument's laser in 10-second, 10-minute and hour-long steps on 14 September, confirming it survived eight years of cruise. The pulses went into open space.
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Xingzhi Lyu and colleagues have reconstructed how the outer Van Allen belt lost its most energetic electrons during the strongest geomagnetic storm since 2003, and the reconstruction worked only under a tight timing assumption.
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The two returns from Torifune are the first laser ranging of an asteroid. The ranges, footprints and timings JAXA has published point to more than one approach geometry, and the team is still locating the spots the beam hit.
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Isabel Herreros and Sebastien Charnoz have modelled how self-gravity, Martian tides and rotation move loose material across Phobos, because on a moon that small a downhill slope does not predict which way regolith goes.
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A team calibrated infrared spectra against beads of known silica content, checked the method on the Moon where returned rocks can grade it, and now reads Mercury's surface as up to 25 percent poorer in silica than assumed.
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A German team calibrated infrared spectra against lab-made glass beads, tested the method on the Moon where returned samples exist, and came back with a crustal silica fraction about a quarter below the accepted one.
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The first paper built on ESA Hera's Deimos flyby argues a single roughly 320-metre impactor did both jobs, and that the moon is porous and fragile. JAXA's MMX inherits that finding.
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About a hundred SPH runs at the University of Bern converge on a single non-destructive strike as the source of Deimos's south-polar depression and its global regolith. The surface is ejecta, and it is weak.
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JAXA showed the MMX spacecraft to reporters ahead of a launch it will only place in "the coming months". China's Tianwen-3 is aiming to bring Mars material back around 2031, possibly sooner.
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