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Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is a peer-reviewed European journal covering observational, theoretical, and instrumental research in astrophysics.
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University of Geneva astronomers and colleagues report that GJ 3090 b circles its red dwarf backward, 136 degrees out of line with the star's spin. Finding no companion able to flip it, the team suggests the planet formed in a second, tilted disk.
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Planets inherit their direction of travel from the disk that formed them. A planet running backward around a small cool star is therefore a formation problem, and one team's answer is a second disk, tilted from the first.
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IRAS 18293-0941 is the first microblazar found in our own galaxy. The authors say the spot where its jet strikes a molecular cloud accelerates particles to petaelectronvolt energies, matching a gamma-ray signal there.
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Pengpei Zhu's group used JWST to weigh the neutral gas streaming out of 23 quiescent galaxies from the universe's first two billion years, and the speeds they measured keep most of that gas gravitationally bound.
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An INAF-led team searched the deepest optical images yet taken of the fields around NGC 5068, NGC 5084 and NGC 5087 by eye, logging 47 dwarf galaxy candidates that spectroscopy has still to confirm as satellites.
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Astronomers at Trinity College Dublin report that two components account for most of what changes in SIMP 0136's rotating spectrum, a decomposition they hope to refine for fainter brown dwarfs.
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Rodrigo Silva's team at Coimbra counted 43% of the S-cluster stars as binaries, then ran 100,000 simulated pairs through the black hole's tides for a million years and finished at 38%, close enough to argue the stars were born where they orbit.
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Lithium is destroyed too easily to keep the record for long, so a team at the University of Sao Paulo turned to beryllium, and found it enriched in one member of a solar-type pair alongside the metals that build rocky planets.
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Each cloud holds about 3 million solar masses of hydrogen inside a halo of 3.7 billion, the gas fraction cold dark matter models predict for a halo that never made a star, and also what a tidal tail could imitate.
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The first millimetre imaging of Betelgeuse since the 2020 dimming shows an inner atmosphere growing lopsided, and whether its newly found companion shaped that pattern depends on an orbital geometry the team has yet to measure.
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The detection landed in the December 2024 window that two earlier papers predicted, and it landed at all because the companion is heavier than the models said; one more epoch on the far side would close a century-old case.
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A SPHERE/VLT detection at 6 sigma places a faint companion at the separation two papers predicted for December 2024. Confirmation waits on catching it on the far side.
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A 21-million-Kelvin halo at redshift 3.25 already holds a mature cluster's share of normal matter, before the epoch when such gas was expected to start warming.
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JWST spectra of the star IRS 3 show silicate dust and water surviving near Sagittarius A*, and reclassify the star as oxygen-rich rather than carbon-rich.
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