Meat, milk, wool and grain: The animal economy of medieval England (CE 400 to 1400)

Tooth wear from 460 English sites pushes the ox-plough peak into the 12th century

Matilda Holmes and colleagues aged livestock from 701 bone groups across 460 English sites and found the oldest cattle clustered between 900 and 1100, when grain output was rising and horses were about 5 percent of draft animals.