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X-ray fluorescence

Analytical method that identifies the elements present in a material from the characteristic X-rays they emit when excited, commonly used as a non-destructive elemental screen.

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A retired inventor charred homemade scrolls to find which Herculaneum rolls X-rays can read

The ink and the burned papyrus are both carbon, so X-rays struggle to tell letters from page. In a new PLOS One study, lead added to test ink showed up clearly, and the authors want unopened scrolls screened for it.

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