Topic

Planetary boundaries

A framework, first set out in 2009, defining nine Earth system processes with quantified limits within which conditions resembling the preindustrial era are expected to hold.

Current clusters

science2 publishers

Every breached planetary boundary hit its worst recorded value in PIK's 2026 check

The annual Planetary Health Check counts seven of nine boundaries transgressed, ocean acidification among them since 2025, and puts carbon dioxide at 426 parts per million against 280 before industrialisation. More than 60 scientists signed it.

Publishers:phys.orgscientificamerican.com

Reality

Evidence62
Adoption: Insufficient
Hype gap+15
Incentives65
Confidence68