Security1 publisher2 min readPublished
NovaCookies rents real-time Microsoft 365 session theft for $320 a month
Island says the adversary-in-the-middle service runs on at least 755 domains against hundreds of organizations. The session it steals arrives after an authentication the identity provider records as entirely normal.
The Watch · Security desk

What happened
- Island disclosed NovaCookies, an adversary-in-the-middle phishing service renting at 320 dollars a month or 200 dollars for a fourteen-day trial, with lures, domains, hosting, redirects and support included.
- Island counted at least 755 domains of dedicated infrastructure and hundreds of targeted organizations, more than half of them based in or connected to the United States.
- Some campaigns arrived inside genuine DocuSign envelopes, and some victim clicks passed through legitimate Microsoft or Google sign-in endpoints as redirection hops before reaching the kit.
- A second kit, Mirage2FA, accounts for 9,332 recorded events in ANY.RUN's dataset: 4,561 session cookie thefts, 3,044 password or second-factor compromises and 1,339 single sign-on logins.
- Mirage2FA runs almost entirely in the browser, using .htm, .xhtml and .svg stagers, QR code lures and WebSocket relay traffic instead of binary malware.
Compiled by The WatchSomething wrong?How this is made
Why it matters
- capability For 320 dollars a month a buyer who could not build a real-time relay now operates one that somebody else maintains. The population able to run session theft is set by budget.
- constraint There is no payload to block and no vulnerability to patch, so patching, quarantine and reimaging have nothing to act on in this chain.
- decision MFA coverage is no longer evidence of phishing resistance, and teams reporting it as their phishing-resistance metric have to pick evidence that would show a valid session in the wrong hands.
- exposure A third of successful logins in ANY.RUN's data came from mobile devices, where the address bar shows too little of the URL for the user to separate the proxy page from the real one.
The kit sits inside a real login. The victim types the password into a page the operator is proxying and approves the second factor, Microsoft issues a session against a genuine credential, and the operator keeps the cookie [3]. The infrastructure uses short-lived context binding and runtime inspection so email scanners never see the live page, and no part of the chain needs malware or a vulnerability [7]. According to Island's Shachar Gritzman, the initial authentication succeeds normally, without malware, an exploit, or a burst of failed logins, so the sign-in event may look ordinary [8].
Island dates the growth in NovaCookies infrastructure to a sharp expansion from mid-May that continued through August [5]. The kit is priced like software. Two hundred dollars for fourteen days is about $14.29 a day, against about $10.67 a day on the $320 month [4]. The buyer gets a maintained sign-in flow, rotating infrastructure and an operator interface [10], and Gritzman notes that renting lowers the barrier substantially without making every buyer sophisticated or every campaign successful [9].
The second kit in the report, Mirage2FA, comes with figures from ANY.RUN covering 23 months, September 2024 to July 2026 [12][5]. The campaign is linked to 3,518 organization email domains and 9,426 targeted addresses, about 2.7 mailboxes per organization [12][13][3]. Of those addresses, 4,532 were potentially compromised, roughly 48 percent [13].
The event totals do not match the summary attached to them. Session cookie theft, at 4,561 of 9,332 recorded events, is 48.9 percent [14][1], and the write-up describes it as more than half of everything recorded [15]. The three named categories sum to 8,944, leaving 388 recorded events outside them [2]. Cookie theft is still the largest single category, ahead of 3,044 password or second-factor compromises [14].
ANY.RUN attaches a caveat to all of it: every victim and campaign-scale number is an approximate estimate drawn from an available dataset, representing potential impact rather than independently confirmed compromise [11]. The same piece says customers at one of the most security-literate software companies in the industry were hit within the last month, and it does not name the company [18].
MFA still stops credential replay, and neither kit attacks it: both take what it issues [3][16]. That puts the detection problem on the session, because the identity provider logs a normal sign-in [8].
What to watch
- Whether Island publishes the 755 domains as indicators, and whether that count keeps rising after the August expansion window.
- Whether any named victim or incident response report corroborates ANY.RUN's count of 4,532 potentially compromised addresses.
- Whether Microsoft or Google stop their own sign-in endpoints being used as redirection hops into the kit.