Skip to content

Invest1 publisher3 min readPublished Updated

A two-factor model of AI growth pays the gains to whoever knows how the office works

Marginal Revolution treats formal intelligence and tacit organisational knowledge as near-complements, so a jump in one raises the price of the other, and the post offers robust-but-not-exploding growth as evidence the model fits.

The Investor · Invest desk

Illustration accompanying A two-factor model of AI growth pays the gains to whoever knows how the office works

What happened

  • A post on Marginal Revolution sets the Solow model aside for an economy with two factors: formal Intelligence, and the tacit local knowledge Michael Polanyi described as custom, habit and knowledge of time and place.
  • The two factors substitute poorly in the model: the author calls them not quite Leontief complements but mostly complements, with limited substitutability in either direction.
  • The author argues the model already matches the data: shocking AI advances, a job market doing fine, markets not pricing high risk, and growth that is robust but not exploding.

Compiled by The InvestorSomething wrong?How this is made

Why it matters

  • constraint Output from a larger stock of Intelligence arrives at the speed the office changes, because absorbing and exploiting the advances already made takes a long time on the post's account.
  • exposure Control of the Intelligence layer buys less than it looks like on this model: whoever commandeers it holds limited power over society while the complements are missing.
  • contradiction The evidence offered as confirmation, growth that is robust but not exploding, is also what a much smaller Intelligence shock would produce, so the fit does not separate the two worlds.
  • decision A firm that accepts the model has to price its own absorption capacity before buying more capability, since the returns accrue to a factor it can only build slowly.

Complementarity is a statement about prices. When two inputs are mostly complements and one of them becomes abundant, the other becomes dear. The post predicts precisely that: the shock to Intelligence raises marginal returns, employment and real wages in the Polanyi knowledge sector, because that sector's inputs are now relatively scarce against a larger quantity of Intelligence [7]. Substitution does not get you out of it. The post calls the two factors not quite Leontief complements but mostly complements [4], and says a dose of AI-drenched technocratic knowledge usually will not fix an office with norms problems and can make them worse by empowering rent-seekers further [5].

The second factor moves slowly, and the post says why. It cannot be boosted quickly or with direct and simple efficacy, and it is "messy by its nature" in a term the author takes from Luis Garicano. The wage and employment gains there arrive late and then keep coming for a long period [9]. Absorbing and exploiting the advances already made also takes a long time, with further Intelligence advances on tap [10]. So far, the post says, there is no way you can "bring an AI into your office and have it figure out how that office works" [3]. The argument runs at the level of an economy. The post puts no numbers on the shock, the lag or the gains [17].

The claimed fit with the data is the weakest link. Real wages and employment in the tacit-knowledge sector should rise, slowly, and keep rising [9]. Centaur pairings should begin to fade, as they did in chess, and that fading should show up as transitional unemployment in the Intelligence sector [8]. The post reports that Centaur models are still holding, and that mathematicians did the prompting for the new math work [8].

The model is older than the current capex cycle. The post dates it to a debate the author had at seventeen, prompted by the Soviet preoccupation with cybernetics, central planning and possible supercomputers, and answers that older question with a no [15].

I would take the direction of the complementarity claim and treat its degree as the open question. The counter-thesis is entry. A firm built after the shock has no existing office to convert, pays nothing for absorption, and would post the gains early. On that reading, the slow catch-up described in the post is a story about incumbents rebuilding process while the tacit sector's wages climb [14]. Either way, the post concedes that the Solow model usually does fine. The Intelligence sector rarely swings up this fast, and the ratios between the two sectors are normally fairly constant in the short run, though not in 2026 or the years to come [12].

What to watch

  • Whether real wage and employment growth concentrates in occupations built on local, inarticulable knowledge, the post's slow-but-durable prediction.
  • Whether Centaur pairings break in a second domain after chess, which the post treats as the trigger for Intelligence-sector unemployment.
  • Whether growth moves from robust to exploding, which would put substitutability between the two factors higher than the model allows.
Loading claim ledger
Loading source directory links
Loading share composer
Loading topic controls
Loading related stories