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Franck Pachot is a database technologist and developer advocate known for in-depth technical writing on PostgreSQL, YugabyteDB, Oracle, and other database systems, frequently publishing analyses of indexing, MVCC, and storage internals on platforms like dev.to.
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The new IO option reports how far the read stream stayed ahead, how many requests it issued and how large they were, and in the demo plan only 7 of 1,825 requests arrived too late for the scan that needed them.
Reality
A dev.to walkthrough of PostgreSQL snapshots, LSNs and Oracle SCNs sets out why a row version has no commit coordinate to record when it is written, and what that indirection costs the replication and audit consumers that read it later.
Reality
Franck Pachot's page-level demo disables autovacuum, updates one row eight ways, and shows hint bits, opportunistic pruning and LP_DEAD marks doing cleanup that the chain-walking model of MVCC credits to vacuum alone.
Reality
PostgreSQL has done index-only scans since 9.2, six major releases before INCLUDE shipped, so covering was never the thing INCLUDE fixed. What it changes is indnkeyatts, the count of columns the index treats as key.
Reality
A walkthrough of OrioleDB's concurrency model puts the cost of Postgres MVCC in the search-key space. That is also the reason zheap's table-only fix was never enough.
Reality